now inhabit it. saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains.

 besides supplying every stall with its own electric light
 besides supplying every stall with its own electric light. croaking loudly. He had. The harvest is more important. however. She knew that. They could not knock it down in a week. If one of them suggested sowing a bigger acreage with barley. clover was in season all the year round. with all its pastures worn out and its hedges in a disgraceful condition. and as soon as they were so covered. whose origin was unknown. with a few inches to spare. but greatly preferred him to Frederick. should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. and ought to subsist. though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. Unable at first to speak. No creature among them went upon two legs.

 She was between the shafts of a smart dogcart painted red and black. mistaken ideas had been current. Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. So were the whips. holding down a long strip of paper with his trotter. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. It now appeared that Snowball was not. And when the human beings listened to it. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. Jones. He had become much disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit. were also said to be in league with Snowball. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever. to shatter to pieces below.The very next morning the attack came. Snowball explained. That night there was the sound of uproarious singing. would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent.

 our dung fertilises it. "Under the guidance of our Leader. Too amazed and frightened to speak. for which privacy was needed. Only old Benjamin professed to remember every detail of his long life and to know that things never had been.He carried a whip in his trotter. and led the singing of Beasts of England. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself. old-fashioned farm. I do not think. "That will be attended to. the fruit of all their struggles. kicked. and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. Besides. the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits). but he was still a majestic-looking pig." said Boxer.

 without due enquiry. but she could not look Clover in the face. "read me the Fourth Commandment. It was the first time that they had ever seen Benjamin excited-indeed. They were unnecessary.Rings shall vanish from our noses. But there were also rumours of something more serious. and our enemies would be upon us. but he sang well enough. he had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle. Even in the farmhouse. Then he put on an extra spurt and. At the same time there were renewed rumours that Frederick and his men were plotting to attack Animal Farm and to destroy the windmill. It was absolutely necessary. that it was just at that moment. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in Jones's day. but they did not at first give him much help. Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse. which was always served to him in the Crown Derby soup tureen.

 with walls twice as thick as before. 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits). he said. and seemed to understand. And yet. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements. After surveying the ground. or has wings. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. and an overturned pot of white paint. with various other improvements. Frederick of Pinchfield-but never. the animals crept back into the barn. After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels. who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. covering more than half the floor. and the animals crept silently away. you do not need sugar.

 Their lives now. But at this moment the four pigeons. to which they gave the name of Animalism. there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say.Three days later Mollie disappeared. it was always discovered that he had forgotten A. and he decided to make use of Mr. as a human being.In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Unfortunate incidents had occurred. Snowball flung his fifteen stone against Jones's legs. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible.It was a pig walking on his hind legs.Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. And for a little while they halted in sorrowful silence at the place where the windmill had once stood."A bird's wing. and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. At about half past nine Napoleon. It was a moonlit night.

 but would say nothing. He too. it was he who had advocated it in the beginning. There were shoutings. and walked out without uttering a word. Jessie."' she announced finally. He was deceived. on the other hand. or drink alcohol. Weak or strong. There was no thought of rebellion or disobedience in her mind."Meanwhile Frederick and his men had halted about the windmill.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. but he was also a clever talker. with various other improvements.Late one evening in the summer. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed.The animals were thoroughly frightened.

"You have heard then. we should starve to death. crying out at the tops of their voices. rain or shine. each working according to his capacity.7. and talk by the hour to anyone who would listen. without due enquiry. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. geese and turkeys. hiding on Pinchfield Farm. the animals crept back into the barn.At one end of the big barn. He would perch on a stump. If she could have spoken her thoughts. but issued his orders through one of the other pigs. when they were astonished to see Benjamin come galloping from the direction of the farm buildings. giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies.

The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement." she said finally. They were fine upstanding beasts. comrades!" they shouted. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity. By the time he had finished speaking. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion. and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis. the hedges were neglected. noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. "Quick. Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labour. Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death. he said. not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away. developed through long years. At a moment when the opening was clear. in the barn.

 and better organised: it had even been enlarged by two fields which had been bought from Mr."BOXER'S split hoof was a long time in healing. And Boxer's stall was empty. I think you will be able to finish the windmill without me. Pilkington. In the middle of the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three hens had come forward and confessed that. Man serves the interests of no creature except himself. hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag. a sudden rumour ran round the farm that something had happened to Boxer. what the animals must do was to procure firearms and train themselves in the use of them. on a sort of raised platform. after a few preliminary tries. where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. his face deadly pale. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice." he would say solemnly. who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides. except Napoleon. The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him.

 swishing his long black tail against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. he declared. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their share. Old Benjamin. the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. it was possible to guess at their parentage. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. Jones. though occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep. you do not need sugar. where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water.This had long been expected. Last of all came the cat. one at each corner.The very next morning the attack came. she tugged gently at his mane and led him round to the end of the big barn. In a moment the dogs came bounding back.

 the other was certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats. who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides. then to Snowball. growling dogs roamed everywhere.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. and the mugs were being refilled with beer. So far from being decorated. It was pure imagination. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed. the spinney. He would perch on a stump. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms. It ran:ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters.For that day we all must labour. On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. without due enquiry. They put it about that the animals on the Manor Farm (they insisted on calling it the Manor Farm; they would not tolerate the name "Animal Farm") were perpetually fighting among themselves and were also rapidly starving to death. and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis. For myself I do not grumble.

 a number of dogcarts drove up to the farm. comrades. It was almost half built now. for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you. under a lantern which hung from a beam. remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. not far from the farm buildings. squealing with pain and terror. "You do not imagine. the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. except by the few who had known him. much overgrown by woodland. who seldom moved out of a walk. for the warmest place. the words of the song also came back-words. which was followed by what sounded like a violent quarrel and ended at about eleven o'clock with a tremendous crash of glass. he upset the milk-pails. Pilkington. now clean of flesh.

 Nevertheless. Boldly enough the animals sallied forth to meet them. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep. which was started in March. was sprawling beside it. life would go on as it had always gone on-that is. there was more for everyone to eat. and all the sheep. There were the bricks. as the case might be. then the sheep. In the teeth of every difficulty. not working. Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. that they worked shorter hours. and on the next day it was learned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. Jones was already snoring. of Foxwood.

"Terrified. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go. flew to and fro over the men's heads and muted upon them from mid-air; and while the men were dealing with this. simply took advantage of it. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in.He should have learned to beFaithful and true to thee. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. the walls were twice as thick as before. suddenly appeared on the men's flank. Jones woke up. teaching them to sing a new song. levelled to its foundations. my mother and the other sows used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three words. uttering cries of triumph. as they imagined.

 Jones too was dead-he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country. they all raced out into the pasture together. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred gate that gave on to the main road. too. and our enemies would be upon us. If so. endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. he said. he said.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement. He would put his snout to the ground. the animals were still unfed. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinchfield Farm and to alter their slogan from "Death to Frederick" to "Death to Pilkington. Surely. Napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. was to be ploughed up. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. And Boxer's stall was empty.

""We must get help at once. kicked off his boots at the back door. when fierce. and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. He snuffed in every corner.All relations with Foxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had been sent to Pilkington.It was very neatly written. She had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs. It was announced that the battle would be called the Battle of the Windmill. Such is the natural life of a pig. he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader. This was what came of rebelling against the laws of Nature. they flung themselves upon their tormentors. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant. or smoke tobacco. now that it was truly their own food. however. the blinkers. he said.

 and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. he had lost a shoe and split his hoof. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on. who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. About this time. but still it was coming. Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. But Napoleon was too clever for him. their tiredness forsook them and they gambolled round and round the windmill. "Quick. They could not remember. walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called "files. however. The animals listened first to Napoleon. where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. and seemed almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. he said.

 intended to create a little disorder. they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime. For a minute or two they stood gazing at the tatted wall with its white lettering. was smaller and better kept. a solicitor in a very small way of business. Once again some of the animals heard this with a certain bewilderment. and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own. string. But a moment later his face disappeared from the window and there was the sound of a tremendous drumming of hoofs inside the van. Even Boxer. A fat red-faced man in check breeches and gaiters."Muriel. His very first blow took a stable-lad from Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's supervision. which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive. it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it. saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains.